Diabetes practices and regimens can vary between countries, hospitals / clinics, & specialists.  Therefore what may be encouraged in one setting may not be so recommended in another.  This insulin tutorial is not meant to provide a didactic (regimented / fixed) plan for using insulin.  Rather the tutorial intends to show some ways of doing things, and provide some explanations as to why things may be done in a certain way.  Furthermore it is hoped that this tutorial may encourage people to think a bit more about what insulin regimens are possible, & how they might be improved and / or tailored for an individual.  In all this remember that people's mileage may vary - so what works for one person may not be appropriate for someone else.  Therefore, as with all medical information on the Web, it is important that you consult your doctor or diabetes specialist before considering acting on any of the information discussed in this tutorial.


Insulin Tutorial 2-4
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Example 2
Conventional therapy


18 mg/dl (mg%) of glucose = 1 mmol/l

18 mg/dl (mg%) of glucose = 1 mmol/l


Like the previous patient, this boy is still in the remission phase ('Honeymoon period'). He has one insulin injection a day. At the beginning of the week it was 12 units of a combined / biphasic insulin preparation (Comb 15). Diabetes control was good. There was hardly any sugar in the urine. The blood glucose readings - not very many of them - were 80 mg/dl (4.4 mmol/l) or 120 md/gl (6.7 mmol/l). There were no hypoglycaemic episodes.

On Wednesday the picture changed. At 6 p.m. and 10 p.m. urine sugar was 1% and the blood glucose level was 180 mg/dl (10 mmol/l). On Thursday there was again a "coloured picture": 1%, 2% and 3% urine sugar. Ketones still negative. Blood glucose 180 mg/dl (10 mmol/l) and 240 mg/dl (13.3 mmol/l). On Friday at 7 a.m. urine sugar was 5% and blood glucose was again 240 mg/dl (13.3 mmol/l). The boy therefore injected an extra 2 units of insulin. His metabolic state settled down again. The amount of sugar in the urine got less, and the blood glucose readings became satisfactory again.

The latest HbA1c reading was 10.2% - which is not ideal. In recent weeks the insulin dose had had to be changed several times and is now nearly half a unit per kilogram of body weight. Before long he will undoubtedly have to change to two injections a day. The remission phase ('Honeymoon period') seems to be approaching its end.

Diabetes Insulin Tutorial
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The information presented at this site is for general use only and is not intended to provide personal medical advice or substitute for the advice of your doctor or diabetes specialist. If you have any questions about any of the information presented here, concerns about individual health matters or the management of your diabetes, please consult your doctor or diabetes specialist
The material in this on-line Diabetes / Insulin Tutorial has been drawn from a number of different sources.
However the original Web-based version can be found at the AIDA Website at: http://www.2aida.org/tutorial.

AIDA diabetes software simulator program of glucose-insulin interaction