Mrs. Eagle was on the nest this sunny morning with her three fledglings 18 miles north of my apartment in Boulder. I call her Mrs. Eagle, because I don’t know her first name. People say that she is bald, but they lie. She has a beautiful head of white hair, sort of like mine, only prettier and fuller.

She was feeding her babies a raw meat delicacy that she or Mr. Eagle had brought to them. I could barely see her or the fledglings, because they were so far away, well protected from human intrusion behind a fence in a field.

But once I had pulled out all the stops my camera found the family. Using my 100-400mm lens with my 1.4x teleconverter on my camera with its APS-C sensor, I got 896mm magnification. It was barely enough to reach Mrs. Eagle and her fledglings, who must have been half a mile away.

Mrs. Eagle and her Fledglings on their Big Nest

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Mr. Eagle was much closer and a lot less active. He posed for me on his favorite tree.

The Male Bald Eagle Calls

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For an hour I watched the Eagle family until Mr. Eagle flew off in search of more food. When he suddenly left his perch, I assumed that he spotted something tasty. But he didn’t seem to have anything special in mind, since he just flew in ever wider circles far above me. I guess he figured that it was lunch time, and he needed to get to work feeding hungry mouths.

Rocky Mountain Arsenal National Wildlife Refuge is now a storehouse of live birds and other wildlife. But the arsenal began as a killing field when the U.S. Army started making deadly chemical weapons there in 1942.

In the 1980s Rocky Mountain Arsenal had the dubious reputation of being “the most polluted piece of ground in America,” wrote Mark Obmascik when he was a reporter for the Denver Post. I didn’t know anything about Mark then. Hardly anyone did.

Now he is rich and famous after writing The Big Year, one of the best books about birding I have ever read.

“The first time I met a real birder, I couldn’t tell a tit from a tattler,” is the way Mark opened The Big Year. “I was a cub newspaper reporter, stuck on the graveyard shift and scrambling for some way, any way, to get off. If I wasn’t chasing some awful car accident, I was hustling to find the relatives of a homeless man slashed in a railyard knife fight. Nobody was happy.”

Mark still lives in Denver and is a lot happier now that he writes books. I am in touch with him through Facebook, and I know he is especially happy about the transformation of the Rocky Mountain Arsenal into one of the country’s largest wildlife refuges.

I am also happy to visit this refuge often and in fact have visited it many more times than any of our country’s other 556 national wildlife refuges. I returned there on Sunday for a birding tour.

For two reasons this was one of my best tours of the refuge. We saw a great variety of wildlife, and we had better transportation. Besides birds, we also saw deer, coyotes, prairie dogs, rabbits, a muskrat, and the first raccoon I’ve seen in Colorado.

Unlike all the other refuges that I have explored, Rocky Mountain Arsenal NWR offers free tours. We can visit most of this huge refuge — larger than Manhattan Island — only by way of these tours or impracticably long hikes. The new 16-passenger tour bus is a big improvement over the old van in terms of comfort and the small windows that we can open for photography.

The tour that I took had 14 passengers including two volunteer guides plus the driver. I had met three of these people on previous tours.

We saw three species of raptors, the species of birds that I most wanted to see. The first was this Red-tailed Hawk, which is by far the most common hawk in Colorado. This one circled slowly over us as we stopped to view other birds by one of the refuge’s lakes.

The Back-lit Tail of this Hawk is Rather Red

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One evening this week I was sitting at my easy chair reading a book when I glanced out of my living room window. On the lawn between my apartment and Tantra Lake were two Canada Geese and their three goslings who had just been born that day.

This was a great surprise, because the nest was so exposed, right at the edge of the lake. Three years ago Canada Geese had established a nest in exactly the same location, but tragedy struck, and none of those goslings hatched.

I called my friend and neighbor Nancy to tell her the goods news, and the next morning we walked around the lake to look at the goslings close up. We saw them and more.

The Goose Family

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As we walked over the bridge, I made a point to check out the rocks where turtles often sunbathe. In fact, three of them were enjoying the warm spring weather. Here’s one of them.

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When we drove out of Cave Creek into the desert, we didn’t expect much. But a few years ago Dave Jasper set up bird feeders in his backyard known as the “Big Thicket.” They attract desert residents and migrants that don’t venture up into the canyon.

Dave Jasper is a naturalist guide, one who is respected enough to have a chapter in a book that I just finished reading, Good Birders Don’t Wear White: 50 Tips from North America’s Top Birders. Each year more than 3,000 people visit the feeders he set up at his house. A couple of years ago he sold the property, which is still known in birding circles as “Jasper’s Feeders.”

The new owner, Bob Rodrigues, continues to make them available to all comers. I met Bob and asked if he was the owner of the property. He said he was and introduced himself. When he told me his name, inquisitive reporter that I am, I asked if he were of Spanish or Portuguese descent.

“Portuguese,” he replied. “My ancestors came from the Azores.”

I told him that half of mine did too. We bonded. “Countryman,” he called me.

But even before we got to his wonderful backyard, Sharon and I saw one of the birds that we had most wanted to see in Southeast Arizona. After turning north off the main road from Cave Creek, we came to a rough dirt road. On a post next to the road was a Gambel’s Quail.

We Easily Recognized this Gambel's Quail by its Top Hat

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This was the lookout bird. Several of them scampered across the road when we stopped.

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The South Fork of Cave Creek is the jewel of the Chiricahua Mountains, and birders from all the world over know that. Sharon and I spent a lot of time walking along the 1.3 mile South Fork Road into the canyon. At one time I counted 20 birders along this dirt road, including several who had come from overseas.

But even better is the lower part of the South Creek Trail 1.5 miles up to a trail junction known as Maple Camp. The hike that Sharon and I took early in the morning of our second day at Cave Creek Ranch was the highlight of our exploration of Cave Creek Canyon. The morning was surprisingly cloudless and warmer after the storm that had blown through the day before.

While we waited out the rain the previous day Reed Peters, the owner of Cave Creek Ranch, had briefed us the about the best places to go. “This is the most beautiful trail,” he told us.

In fact, it is one of the most beautiful trails I have ever hiked. It’s right up there with the Fall Creek Trail near Santa Cruz and the Emerald Lake Trail in Rocky Mountain National Park. But with fewer people. I fell in love with Cave Creek Canyon and plan to return next spring.

Sharon and I hiked alone on the South Fork Trail and rarely saw anyone in the several hours we explored it. We saw lots more birds than people.

The trail follows the clear creek all the way, except when the creek runs underground. We didn’t follow it there.

The South Fork of Cave Creek

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Cave Creek Canyon, high in the Chiricahua Mountains on the east side of the Coronado National Forest, is so isolated that unless you love birds and wildlife you will never go there. Reed Peters, the owner of Cave Creek Ranch, where we stayed, had warned us to get food and gas in the border town of Douglas, more than 60 miles away. We made sure to follow his advice, but the remoteness of the ranch still caused us problems.

We arrived at 11 p.m. after a long drive from Madera Canyon with several stops en route. Our rooms were ready for us and all seemed well.

But the next morning our rental car had a flat tire. Fortunately, my membership of AAA, formerly known as the American Automobile Association, provides free roadside assistance through an 800 number. The usually respond quickly, but I knew this would take a while. In fact, the driver had to come from Willcox, about 95 miles away.

While we waited, instead of pouting or twiddling our thumbs, we explored the ranch and birded.

Feeders in the Foreground, Cave Creek Canyon in the Background

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We took a chance on Friday the 13th. Sharon drove our rental car up Southeast Arizona’s Carr Canyon on a winding, steep, rocky, and narrow road to its end at 7,400 feet. We made it.

From the campground at the end of the road we hiked down. We took the delightful Comfort Spring Trail into the Coronado National Forest’s Miller Peak Wilderness and reached the spring. Across the canyon we spotted a raptor as it landed in a wonderland of rock.

Looking for a Raptor, I Noticed Some Rocks

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When the raptor flew, it glided right above us. I told Sharon to lie down so that it would come closer, but for some reason she refused. Nonetheless, the raptor came close enough for us to identify it as a Red-tailed Hawk. This is our most common hawk, and this shot clearly shows that it deserves the name.

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My favorite conservation organization, The Nature Conservancy, probably does more to preserve and protect nature than any other organization. I support it with my membership. The Nature Conservancy works in all 50 states and in more than 30 countries to preserve the animals, the plants, and the natural communities that comprise the diversity of life. It works with local governments, communities, and other organizations.

Often TNC raises funds to buy endangered land and protects it until a government agency is willing and able to manage it. But sometimes it establishes nature preserves that it continues to manage. Its Patagonia Sonoita Nature Preserve, which it purchased jointly with the Tucson Audubon Society, was The Nature Conservancy’s first of its six preserves in Arizona. This preserve protects some of the richest streamside habitat in the Southwest, including a magnificent example of the now rare Fremont cottonwood-Goodding willow riparian forest. Some of these cottonwoods are more than 100 feet tall and more than 130 years old.

Sharon and I were so determined to visit the Patagonia Sonoita Nature Preserve that we went there twice. The first time we arrived just as someone closed the gate. The next day we made sure to get there in the morning.

We hiked the idyllic Loop Trail, expecting to see birds. We didn’t expect to see mammals. Worldwide, birds are much more plentiful, about 10,000 species of birds and anywhere from 200 billion to 400 billion individual birds exist today. About 5,500 species of mammals exist today. Nobody seems to be willing to guess how many individual mammals now inhabit our planet, but we do know that 7 billion of them are humans.

One mammal that I hoped to see even though I had no expectations was a javelina, technically known as a collared peccary. When I returned to the West in 1977 after years of living in the DC area and in Africa, I got a glimpse of one as I passed through southern Arizona. This time I not only got clear views of javelinas but also had much better camera equipment.

This Javelina May Look Cute, but I Made Sure Not to Get Too Close

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After leaving Patagonia, we had some light left near the end of our second full day in Southeast Arizona. So Sharon and I studied our field guides to find another interesting place to explore.

One of our best trip resources, the “Southeastern Birding Trail” map, highlighted one place near the route from Patagonia to Santa Rita Lodge in Madera Canyon, where we were staying. Las Cienegas National Conservation Area is “one of the best grasslands left in southeastern Arizona,” it told us. This area has five of the rarest habitats in the Southwest: cienegas, or marshlands, cottonwood-willow riparian forests, mesquite bosques, and sacaton, or dropseed, and semi-desert grasslands.

The other indispensable birding resource for the area, Finding Birds in Southeast Arizona, told us about the Heritage Discovery Trail, which winds through a cottonwood-lined section of Upper Empire Gulch there. That’s where we had a pleasant hike near the end of the day.

But the gulch was well-shaded by huge cottonwoods and not until we drove away did I get any good photographs. The light was almost gone when I half-seriously asked Sharon to find me a bird to match the beauty of last light.

Just then she did. “There, on that pole!” she exclaimed.

Sure enough she had spotted an American Kestrel just minutes before the sun dropped below the horizon. This is our smallest falcon and the most beautiful of all raptors. It was eating a lizard.

A Male American Kestrel Enjoys a Raw Lizard for Dinner

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The Kestrel Calls

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What was the kestrel saying? “It’s my lizard; stay away!” Or “I saved some lizard for you, my dear!” Only the kestrel knows.

In Southeast Arizona some of the best birding is right in the town of Patagonia. It’s the backyard of 477 Pennsylvania Avenue, where Wally and Marion Paton lived.

In the early 1990s they opened their yard to the world after several rare hummingbirds built nests there. At least 15 of the 23 species of hummingbirds anywhere in North America live in or migrate to Southeast Arizona, most of them to the Paton backyard. Wally died in 2001 and Marion in 2009, but the Paton family still keeps the feeders stocked as well as providing a comfortable place for birders from all over the world to sit or stand.

“The place owned by Marion Paton and her late husband, Wally, is unprepossessing, but for many birders it’s the best place in Arizona,” Luke Dempsey wrote in his delightful 2008 book, A Supremely Bad Idea: Three Mad Birders and Their Quest to See It All. “She keeps many feeders hanging from the eaves of the low-slung house, and birders are invited to stop in and see what’s there at any time of the day. She and her husband had not only established all these feeders across the years, but also provided some chairs to sit on, a bunch of birding guides, and eventually even a canopy to save birders from the hot Arizona sun. I read somewhere that because of the storms that come through here, she’s on her seventh tent, which seems almost biblical.”

Sharon and I saw more species of hummingbirds at Paton’s feeders than we could possibly identify even after searching all of our field guides. Here are a couple of photos that I took of them there.

I especially like this male Rufous Hummingbird, even though it is the only species of hummingbird that we see around Boulder. This little bird, which is only about 3 inches long, migrates here every summer. “If migration distance is divided by body length,” says Richard Cachor Taylor in his Birds of Southeastern Arizona, “the 2,000-mile migration of Rufous Hummingbirds is among the longest in the animal kingdom.”

A Male Rufous Hummingbird Feeds

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